Resolve Insulin Resistance With Microbiome
Insulin Resistance
Do you hear about this problem before??
Surely, All of us always hear about insulin resistance and its following sufferings.
To be clear with you, Insulin is responsible for glucose entry into the cell through binding to its receptors. It acts like a key .and the cell is the door which can't be opened without the key(Insulin).
So What About Insulin Resistance??
The response of the cell to insulin is not optimum to allow the normal amounts of glucose to enter inside it. So less amount of glucose enters the cell and the remaining amount still in the blood causing hyperglycemia.
From your point of view when did this problem start?
Statistics say that from (1980-2006) the proportion of obesity doubled to be more than half of billion people in the world.
Statistics correlate obesity to Type2 Diabetes by saying that there is an increase in type2 diabetic patients from (153 to 347)millions proportional to obesity.
Dear reader let us have this concept (Insulin resistance is one of the most important complications of Obesity).
Let's prove the relation between insulin resistance and obesity...
We will do an experiment:
- We have a group of lean persons.
- Another group of obese persons.
- Then we will transplant microbiome from lean healthy persons to obese ones.
So what will occur to an obese person after microbiome transplantation from a healthy lean person??
We have found that an obese person after microbiome transplantation has an effect on:- The decrease in insulin resistance.
- Increase in microbial diversity.
Then, let's discuss How...........
How microbiome can affect insulin resistance??
- Unhealthy diet (high fat-sugar diet) can increase the number of Gram-negative bacteria.
- Gram-negative bacteria have products called Lipopolysaccharides(LPS).
- LPS can act as a strong activator to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).
Note: any cell depends on insulin in its metabolism express TLR-4 on its surface.Like:
Muscle cells.
Adipocytes(fat cells)
Hepatocytes(liver cells)
- TLR-4 can activate extensive cellular signalling leads to an increase in the release of inflammatory cytokines.
- Inflammatory cytokines can induce the occurrence of low-grade inflammation.
- Low-grade inflammation can lead to insulin resistance.
As we listed the mechanism of insulin resistance, let me give you more explanation of certain point...
Unhealthy diet cause Reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria.
Do you remember from our previous article what butyrate do?
Let me give you a small hint about butyrate...
butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced by healthy gut microbiota and responsible for:
- The energy source of colonic epithelium. So without butyrate, there is impairment in the intestinal barrier.
- Unhealthy diet (high fat-sugar diet) leads to an increase in gram-negative bacteria which leads to an increase in the production of LPS(lipopolysaccharide).
- With more LPS and impaired intestinal barrier, there is leakage of LPS into the circulation with the fats carrier (chylomicron).
Impaired intestinal barrier...
LPS leakage...
LPS released in the blood...
Consequently, LPS can cause low-grade inflammation.
For more confirmation of the serious role of LPS.
Let's do this experiment:
We prepared LPS infusion to the mice.
then we observe what will occur?
Results:
1)Mice become obese.
2)Mice suffer from insulin resistance.
Another confirmatory experiment:
Steps:
We have a group of mice and by genetic engineering to remove TLR-4.
Then we fed them a high-fat diet for 16 weeks.
Then we observe what will occur.
Results:
- There is an improvement in glucose tolerance.
- There is a reduction in insulin resistance.
Explanation:
- By removal of TLR-4...
- LPS can't have the receptor(TLR-4) to activate.
- There is no production of inflammatory cytokines.
- So there is no inflammation in muscle cells, adipocytes and liver cells.
- No insulin resistance.
Dear reader, to summarize all of the previous demonstrations. Let's
have this concept (Butyrate-producing bacteria are so effective In maintaining normal insulin function).
By our discussion, we can confirm the close association between obesity and insulin resistence.
Maintaining a normal healthy diet is the main solution to the problem of insulin resistance.
simply a healthy diet is a source of butyrate-producing bacteria.
The benefits of butyrate-producing bacteria encourage us to ask for the source of those bacteria in our diet?
- Bean
- Butter
- Banana
- Cereals
- Corn
- Milk
- Red meat
- Rice
- Potatoes
For more confirmation of butyrate effect on reduction of insulin resistance:
Experiment on humans:
We have Type2 diabetic patients and extracted a sample of their gut microbiota and analysed it.
Observation:
- There is a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut of the type2 diabetic patients which can be one of the main causes of insulin resistance in type2 diabetic patients.
Another study on mice:
We have a group of diabetic mice which have insulin resistance.
We give them sodium butyrate as a supplement.
Wait for results.
Observation:
- There is a decrease in blood glucose level.
- There is a reduction in hbA1-c.
- There is an improvement in insulin resistance.
- More improvement in mitochondrial function.
- More increase in energy expenditure.
- More reduction in body weight.
Another Study on Stem-cells:
We expose embryonic stem cells to 1mmol/L sodium butyrate for 5 days.
Observation:
- There is a promotion of pancreatic gene expression.
- There is an increase in the differentiation of pancreatic Beta-cells.
Consequently, From all of the previous studies, there is a strong relation between butyrate and insulin resistance.
Let me ask you, Can you resolve insulin resistance??
Dear reader, Although insulin resistant is one of the most common health problems, it's not a complicated problem.
Just by diet modification which is called as making balance:
Reduce fat and sugar from the diet.
Increase the fibre content of your diet.
If you are interested in gaining more knowledge about microbiome relation to different body systems and solve different health problems just by nutrition, Stay tuned of our next article...
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